Background: Comorbidity is a major health concern all over the world with a huge number of people diagnosed each day. This work studied the relationship between comorbidity of type 2 diabetes mellitus-primary open angle glaucoma(T2DM-POAG) and lifestyle factors(cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and physical activity)in Imo state, South Eastern Nigeria with the aim of finding the protective factors for the comorbidity.

Methods: The study adopted a population based case-control study design. The subjects concerned in this study were 198 adults aged, 40 years and above, diagnosed of T2DM-POAG comorbidity(99 cases) and those without the comorbidity (99 controls). Variables taken into consideration were: physical activity, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption. Data analyses were performed using IBM-SPSS statistics version 23 for data analyses. Microsoft Excel 2010 was used in drawing charts. Measured variables were summarized using descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation. Graphical representations such as bar chart and pie charts were used to represent some of the results. Weighted test such as Wald test was used to test for significant factors in the model. The factors were considered significant at 5% level. Odds ratio were computed so as to measure the strength of the association between each of the exposures (the risk factors of interest) and the outcome. Confidence interval (CI) at 95% level was also calculated for each odds ratio.

Results: Lifestyle factors such as physical exercise, cigarette smoking, and alcohol intake were found significant in this study. In terms of frequency, doing exercise everyday was significant (p =0.005), as well as 3 times in a week (p=0.005). for those who engage in exercise for up to 3 time in a week, the odds for  T2DM –POAG comorbidity was found to be 81% lower (ie. 1-0.19)% compared to those that never do exercise(matched) (OR =0.19, 95% CI =0.059 -0.599). Similarly T2DM –POAG comorbidity risk was found to be 90% (ie 1-10)% lower on the subjects that practice exercise everyday compared to the ones that never do exercise(matched), not doing exercise showed lower risk of T2DM –POAG comorbidity (OR =0.10, 95% CI =0.200 -2.499).Exposure to cigarette smoking showed positive relationship with T2DM –POAG comorbidity. In this study, being exposed to cigarette smoking was found to be significantly associated with up to two times higher risk of T2DM –POAG comorbidity compared to non-exposure cigarette smoking (OR = 2.02,  95%CI= 1.075 – 3.814, p = 0.029).Higher risk of T2DM –POAG comorbidity was obtained for the study participants that consume alcohol (OR = 2.47, 95%CI= 1.191– 5.142). While the type of alcohol consumed was not a significant factor of T2DM –POAG comorbidity in this study (p >0.05), the frequency of alcohol consumption was found significant in such a way that taking alcohol sparingly attracts 52% (ie 1- 0.48) % lesser risk T2DM –POAG comorbidity than taking it often times (OR = 0.48, 95%CI= 0.256– 0.910).Similar to the univariate analysis, significant lifestyle factors found in the multivariate model include frequency of doing exercise (p =0.001), exposure to cigarette smoking (p =0.029), alcohol intake (p =0.002),and frequency of alcohol consumption (p =0.001). The adjusted odds ratio indicates that the odds for T2DM-POAG comorbidity were more on cigarette smoking by 2.6 time (95% CI =1.104 -6.237) compared to non-smokers, more on alcohol intake by 3.15 times 95% CI =1.541– 6.447) compared to non-alcohol consumers, but less on taking alcohol sparingly by 79% ( (i.e 1-0.21)%  95% CI =0.103 – 0.425) compared to taking alcohol often. Implications for the control of the comorbidity were discussed in line with the research questions.

Conclusion: As little information on T2DM-POAG comorbidity is available in Nigeria, this study contributes to better understanding of the protective factors for this comorbidity. Research work like this, tend to broaden the perspectives related to factors that play a vital role during the designing of preventive procedures and development of public health interventions regarding T2DM-POAG comorbidity. Protective factors of T2DM-POAG comorbidity, such as physical activity, cigarette smoking alcohol consumption which are modifiable, can be promoted to the population for better T2DM-POAG comorbidity prevention and control.

Study Aim: The integrated review evaluate the impacts of Covid-19 on nurses’ fatigue and well-being. The significance was to establish how the pandemic rise and spread have impacted nurses' fatigue prevalence and the practical mitigation strategies, both present and in the foreseeable future.

Research Methodology: An online search on three databases, Scopus, MEDLINE, and CINAHL, was conducted. An expansion strategy using the keywords fatigue, covid-19, and nurses was used. The inclusion criteria were publications in a nursing journals, the publication year 2020, and the availability or publications written in English language. The GRADE model helped drop the less relevant studies.

Findings and Analysis: A total of 47 articles were established. Through the integrated review exclusion criteria, 16 remained as applicable in the analysis. The findings led to the emergence of three key themes, namely (i) rising nursing fatigue levels, (ii) pre-disposition to mental fatigue for nurses with previous mental health complications, and (iii) the need for post-Covid-19 pandemic mental fatigue mitigation strategies. The integrated review implications are the consideration of nurses with pre-existing mental health issues against their deployment as front-line workers. Additionally, the need for long term mental fatigue mitigation strategies is emphasized.

Conclusion: The integrated literature review demonstrates the rising cases of nurses' fatigue amidst the Covid-19 pandemic. Although the pandemic has increased fatigue, the causative/trigger factors presided over the pandemic. The solution and mitigation strategies should be long term and focused on the post-pandemic period.

The construction industry is undergoing a green revolution where the idea of sustainable construction is fast gaining popularity. Green buildings are regarded as economical, resource efficient and environmentally friendly buildings compared with the convectional buildings. Therefore,considering the necessity of this new concept, it is expedient to view the reality of the adoption of green building concept in construction projects in Federal University of Technology Owerri. The research implored the combination of a quantitative and qualitative approach. The focus was on the buildings within FUTO with more concentration of new buildings constructed between 2012 and 2017. The primary data was obtained through observations and by administering questionnaires to individuals who are lecturers, familiar with the design, construction and management of the buildings. For quantitative method, parameters that define green construction with a range of variables from minimal to complete incorporation of the elements, determined the degree of conformity. The degree of adoption was statistically analyzed on the sampled buildings. The result from the research revealed among others that the condition that calls for Green Building elsewhere especially in the developed nation does exist in Nigeria, particularly in the construction project in FUTO, considering the fact that there is a substantial environmental damage from construction work and deviations from other green criteria. The research therefore call on relevant stakeholder to consider the concept of green building as a core criteria for any construction plan.