Agriculture has the potential to transform the economic indices in Nigeria to a positive one and shore up the country's earnings. To be sure, agriculture was the backbone of Nigeria's economy before crude oil was discovered in the early 1970s. In the first decade since independence in 1960, the agriculture sector accounted for an average of 57% of GDP (CBN, 2008) and generated 64.5% of the country's export earnings (Verter & Becvarova, 2016). However, from 1970 to late 2000s, agriculture sector's contribution to GDP and export earnings had steadily plummeted, since Nigeria's focus shifted to oil exploration. From 2012, the sector has contributed an average of 23.5% to GDP and generated a meager 5.1% of export earnings (NBS, 2016). The recent fall in crude oil prices and corresponding rise in agriculture products prices (barrel of crude oil @US$55.83 and barrel of palm oil @US$95) has triggered serious conversations on the critical role agriculture has to play in diversifying the economy. "Agriculture is the new oil" is one sentence that has been reverberating around the country since 2011. Two key determinants of growth in agriculture are: increase in yield per hectare and land expansion. While land expansion has thrived and driven growth in agriculture in Nigeria, yield per hectare has been low because of poor and limited farming inputs such as seedlings, pesticides and fertilizers. Processing and marketing activities have been plagued by poor infrastructure, low investment and unfavorable government policies. This paper argues that the country's agriculture sector  is in urgent need of massive investments that will upgrade the production and processing segments, and stimulate value addition across most critical segments of the value chain. To analyze Nigeria's agricultural value chain, this paper focuses on cocoa and dairy as case studies. The author makes a strong case for the upgrade of the production and processing segments of the value chain. FAO opines that an increase in supply of improved seedlings, pesticides and fertilizers can significantly increase Nigeria's production scope for cocoa by 70% which is presently at 248,000 tonnes per annum. Introducing appropriate tariff on cocoa beans will not only stifle its sale by opportunistic merchants who offer a higher premium than processors, but has significant scope for raising the percentage of processed cocoa from its current 30%. This way, the country can upgrade processing in the cocoa value chain, create jobs and generate higher income for processed cocoa, up from the 2014 level of US$144m. Dairy is a major import for Nigeria and accounted for 6% of total food import in 2016. With a consumption rate of 1.7million tonnes per annum, Nigeria produces only 0.6million tonnes per annum, which necessitates the spending of an average of US$480m on imports annually to close the production deficit. This paper has identified production as a key upgrade segment in the dairy value chain and recommends breed improvement as strategy to beef up dairy production. It also recommends the establishment of suitable grazing reserves, milk collection centers, provision of extension services, improved access to pasture and water to enhance dairy production. Lastly, the author recommends stronger integration between pastoralists and processors as this will promote import substitution and stimulate production. 

Until now, (13/09/2020), the Covid-19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV–2, has infected more than 29 million people worldwide and is responsible for at least 920.808 deaths, Since the outbreak of the disease in for the first time in Wuhan, in China, on December 31, 2019. This pandemic has also several repercussions on the daily life of man, at the economic, social and psychological levels. The need to develop effective treatment against SARS-CoV-2 is the major objective of all countries, so far a hundred global laboratories are competing to produce a vaccine against Coronavirus, Russia has announced it has developed the first vaccine against the coronavirus named "Sputnik", in China researchers say they have already developed a test phase treatment would accelerate the cure and also temporarily immunize against Covid-19. Japan, USA, Australia, France, UK and Germany are also trying to find a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 based on existing drugs (antimalarial drugs, anti-HIV drugs...). Bearing, no drug has been detected to treat 100% new coronavirus to date. Faced with this situation, medicinal plants in Morocco constitute an immense reserve of molecules that can have antiviral activities. Moroever, herbal medicine in Morocco has always been used in the field of traditional medicine, the WHO estimates that traditional medicine covers the primary health care needs of 80% of the world’s population. Despite the development of the synthetic drug, the plant drug would generally be better tolerated by the body, thus allowing for prolonged treatments and minor side effects. Several compounds, such as flavonoids, from medicinal plants have been reported to have antiviral activities. The present study is aimed at employing bibliographic research in scientific databases on articles and thesis published in this subject, to screen phytochemicals from Moroccan medicinal plants targeting the SARS-CoV2 for identification of antiviral therapeutics. The results promise that some moroccan medicinal plant, can be developed into pharmaceutical drugs for the production of vaccin anti SARS-Cov-2.

A positive school climate is a means to reducing school violence and inappropriate behaviour; and is created by students, teachers, the principals and the parents. Although the behaviour of teachers and students contribute to the kind of climate in a school, the principal’s behaviour and practices are the main determinants of the climate that exists in schools. Their behaviours and practices can hinder or foster positive school climate. This is because both the learners and teachers, among other stakeholders, look up to the principalsfor leadership, motivation and development. This paper is based on a review of existing literature on the importance of creating and sustaining a positive school climate that enhances academic excellence in secondary schools. The methodology adopted, is theoretical, as the paper engages in interpreting the relationship between the behaviours and practices of the principals, teachers and leaners, among other stakeholders in order to create and sustain a positive school climate. The greatest challengefacing the principals is to maintain high standards of academics and character of students so that they can get the best in examinations. From the information discussed in this paper, the ministry of education, among other stakeholders, should organize workshops and expose the principals to all the details of a positive school climate in order to realize academic excellence in secondary schools.

The advent of information communication technology has made the activities of government more accessible to the governed while the traditional barrier of distance becomes tractable through the modern approach of communication. Application of e-governance has been a potent instrument in easy spreading of information, consultation, and enhancing citizen’s participation, sending feedback to the citizens, monitoring and evaluating government projects and making government accountable and transparent in its total political engagements. This paper is therefore an attempt at determining the extent e-governance implementation has enhanced administrative efficiency in the Nigeria Civil Service and to ascertain whether the implementation of e-governance has helped to reduce corruption in the Nigeria Civil Service. The paper relied on modernization theory and qualitative research method as data that formed major part of the study were generated from secondary sources. Findings reveal that e-governance has made service delivery easier which is evident in the ways and manner the old methods have been transformed and researchers recommend for Nigeria’s public service to show high level of e-readiness in their operations on one part and government adequate provision of necessary infrastructure; enact Information and Communication Technology for successful implementation on the other part.

The collaboration and sharing of teaching and technology among universities is increasingly perceived as a vehicle to improve quality in education and innovation through knowledge exchange. The discussion explores how virtual environment can be optimised for use as a common vehicle for enhancing research and collaboration in a virtual environment in Africa. The study recommends the use of a virtual platform that offers solutions to the challenges encountered by Universities within Africa (Eastern, Central, Southern or Western) in implementing a unified curricula, collaborating in research and teaching. The study documents the developing global challenges such as; the ongoing restrictions on keeping social distance due to COVID-19, the duplication of curricula, funding of research, lack of adequate experts in various programmes and new market demands.

The paper proposes a virtual platform (VP)that will offer room for collaborating universities to to formulate and developing  National and Regional policies that govern theenvironment.

Background

COVID-19 will leave no sector in any country in the world unaffected, and its consequences will be felt for years to come and higher Education is not an exception. Currently, most schools in Africa are struggling to accomplish the unfinished syllabi using radio, TVs and other technologies considered appropriate to substitute the face to face approach that the prevailing situation has brought to its knee, Higher education institutions have no option but to establish and improve their information and communications technology (ICT) to deliver their programmes online at a distance to their enrolled students. The universities who have been dependant on projects funded from the west and the east have to rethink first on how such on-going projects will be accomplished. The economic impact left behind by Covid-19 may no longer enable such funding.The collaboration in research and sharing of curriculum and teaching among universities in Africa will be utilized in the post Covid-19 era to address the challenges left behind. This can be carried out by producing and sharing of;common quality curricula resources within and between regions, between different countries or between universities. Curriculum sharing can effectively improve the student’s basic knowledge structure, however, there is limited help in improving their professional knowledge (Li and Wei, 2015). “It may be part of human nature to create solutions, find better alternatives and meet the challenges ahead”. It is further argued thatGood policies and procedures play an important role in safeguarding quality(Kohn, Corrigan, & Donaldson, 2000).  The use of an effective virtual platform in universities would be of great benefit in addressing the challenge of inadequate qualified staff, the increasing learner population, and unenhanced regional and research collaboration. 

The objective of this study was to examine Job Satisfaction and Organizational Climate as Correlates of   Teacher Effectiveness and Turnover Intention in Private Secondary Schools in North Central Zone of Nigeria. The study employed a survey research design, used a sample size of 761 respondents made up of 380 teachers and 381 SS II students. Population of study was made up of all   private secondary schools (3,090) and all teachers (34,240). The study had four research questions that were answered using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and  four hypotheses were tested.  The study results indicated that job satisfaction and organizational climate are positively related to teacher effectiveness while both variables are negatively related to teacher turnover intention.  The study recommended that private school owners should ensure good salaries, prompt payment, job security and promotions for their teachers. They should provide a good organizational climate characterized by good leadership style, rewards, recognition, quick resolution of conflicts, convenient office accommodation and regular promotions to deserving staff.  This study has Counselling implications as it provided support for the view school administrators, proprietors/proprietresses, as well as principals ought to be aware that different factors affect the manner in which teachers perceive their job. 

Study Aim: The integrated review is an evaluation of the role and value of PDAs in increasing home-based nursing care quality. This is developed through an experience of nurses evaluating how it has actually impacted on quality of care among home-based care provider nurses.

Research Methodology: The integrated review developed an integrated literature analysis. Key words were used on peer reviewed data within the search criteria for inclusion and exclusion. Only peer reviewed articles that had a GRADE rating of at least moderate were considered and used in the review paper. A total of 17 peer reviewed articles were identified and used in the study analysis.

Findings: This integrated review demonstrated that the use of PDAs among home care nurses increase their evidence-based practice adherence. This impacts positively on the nurse’s awareness levels, understanding of the patients, and aids in reducing medical errors and mistakes. Additionally, the use of PDAs increases home based care nurses learning and career growth opportunities. The PDAs promote chances for peer learning and knowledge sharing.

Implications: The findings indicate that nurses have a positive experience in using PDAs. This is mainly for the PDAs with integrated information sharing system among pees and those who bar code reader on drugs. The healthcare systems and decision makers should invest in providing these PDAs and the relevant operating and functional systems for the home-based care nurses in the future.

The COVID-19 pandemic adversely impacted various industrial sectors of India as well as other countries across globe. In India, impact is resulting to a negative growth rate in economy. Many sectors were performing good before the pandemic but now they have been pulled down by this pandemic. So, it is very much required to analyse and cater the data about those sectors which are badly impacted by pandemic, these sectors play vital role in Indian economy. One of the most important sector of Indian economy is banking sector which is responsible for all the financial activities going on in the country and working as a supporting hand to all of the industries in term of financing, credit, transactions, collection and payment and so on. There are so many reports containing numerous data are in public domain stating the effects of this virus pandemic. The data is not only in physical form but also it is scattered in various format over the internet. Though the data amount is enormous, the major problem is to get the appropriate data according to the user needs. The databases available online are being regularly updated but these databases are not able to provide inference over the knowledge already stored. By using inference capability, we can fetch latent and indirect information out of the knowledge base. Various ontologies for Covid-19 are available online but they do not focus on the performance of banking sector of India during Covid19. So, many times users do not get appropriate information according to the imposed query. This article attempts to highlight the repercussions of the Covid-19 in the performance of the Indian banking sector by creating and evaluating the largest comprehensive knowledge base called ontology (Covid19-IBO) in order to get semantic information, in continuation of the same we address few important research questions with respect to Indian economy.