This paper investigated commercial motorcycling operations, public health and safety issues in Ibadan metropolis. Motorcycle injuries have greater implications on public health commuters’ safety in developing countries and particularly Nigeria.The study embraced a case study research design in Ibadan metropolis. The study area covered six Local Government Areas; Akinyele, Ibadan North, Ibadan North East, Ibadan Northwest, Ibadan Southeast and Ibadan Southwest.The sample population comprised a purposive 36 commercial motorcyclists from different points across the six local government areas under study. Data collected from both primary and secondary sources; In-Depth Interviews and Focus Group Discussions. Data gathered from the interviews and FGDs were transcribed, processed, pooled together and categorized into themes based on the research objectives. The data was content analyzed using descriptive and narrative styles. Finding revealed that commercial motorcycle riders failed to comply with the Federal Road Safety Act. They contravene the Acts deliberately for the purposes of generating more income. They carry more than one passenger at a time and fail to use safety equipment like helmets. They do not wear protective clothing when driving, riding motorcycle without license, they take alcohol and drive. And commuters are exposed to differentiated levels of health issues; arms and legs injuries or fracture, serious brain and spinal cord challenges’ including mental health and untimely deaths which become detrimental to the public health. Also, findings revealed that emissions from motorcycles are very dangerous to the public health and it is concluded that commercial motorcycling affects public health and insecurity.It is therefore recommended that non-compliance to traffic rules among commercial motorcyclists and the use of helmet including commuters should be considered punishable under the safety laws to control for these noticeable safety challenges and thereby promoting public safety while minimizing health hazards in Ibadan. Further research should focus on government prevention and control measures aimed at reducing threats posed by commercial motorcycling to commuters' safety and public health through implementation of emission test policy.

Economic analysis of Building Management Systems (BMS) for efficient energy consumption and reduction of operating and running cost  has been adopted as  cost and energy effective solution in advanced countries, hence the need to look into the economics of this method to ascertain its viability as an option for adoption in Nigeria’s industrial and commercial facilities. In order to determine the best alternative between with and without BMS (w-BMS and w/o-BMS), two economic indicators – Benefit/Cost (B/C) ratio and Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) were evaluated, and the environmental impact of energy savings is realized from the use of BMS calculated over a 5-year period. Upon completion of analysis, it was observed that Envoy Hotel recorded about 63% energy savings through the use of lighting BMS in the first five (5) years of operation, and this translated to annual monetary savings of about N1, 380,000.00. B/C ratio was determined to be greater than 1 in favor of w-BMS (1.63)and LCC over a useful life of 25 years and a 12% interest rate of w-BMS (N67,826,620.00) was lesser than w/o-BMS (N68,438,710.00), thus justifying the use of lighting BMS by the management of Envoy Hotel.The newly launched Building Energy Efficiency Code by Federal Ministry of Works is indicative of the need to reduce energy consumption in buildings through efficient designs.

The wide speed enhancements & acceptance of wireless communication & networking techniques & miniaturization of electronic circuits has created an ever increasing demand for automatic monitoring & logging of various processes & parameters human physiological & vital parameters also need tabe monifored & logged especially in the case of  elderly conically ill or ander intensive case WBAN (wireless body area network) technologies are emerging day by day to provide for automated monitoring of various vital& non vitsl parameter of the human body the sfandarsds for medical WBAN are defined as IEEE 802.15.6 & IEEE802.15.6
WBAN allowe for weareable non invasive miniaturized sensor nodes to monitor various parameter & human baby  functions   this technology has the potiential to revobionize medice and allied industries especially telemedicine. Dengue ,is a vector generated disecase ,a type of painful fever ,with canse quential and life threating effects as sudden drop in blood pallet .this work is aimed at autenatic monitoring and logging of various vital parrameters of a dengue patient ,who needs continous monitaring ,The propased system ,implements measurement and software defined filtering of ECG Signals along with acquisition of temprature ,Spoz ,& Blood pressure (Systalic and Diastolic ) .All these parrameters are accquired by the sensor mode & Sent to the central service over TCP/IP protocol .The server also in corporades on artifical never all net work ,which analyzes all the parrameters and predicts patient over all health status and generates alomms in case of emmergencies.

This paper comparatively analyzes decagonal 4 clading ring structure having circular & square hole within core and structure without hole in core. All simulations have been performed in COMSOL Multiphysics simulation tool. Effective refractive index is calculated for each design by varying pitch keeping cladding air hole diameter constant and by varying air hole diameter keeping pitch constant. Dispersion is calculated using finite element method. By comparing all the designs Optimized design is obtained.

An election has been the way by which political positions are filled in a democratic setting. While it remains the heart cry of the electorates to see that nothing but eligible and valid votes count, this remains a mirage due to election irregularities. Information and Communication Technology has changed the way activities are run in the world today. It has become a major tool in driving efficiency and reduction in fraudulent activities. Failure toappropriately conduct elections and making the votes count without fear or favour have made electorates wonder whether or not the declared result actually speak to the voting pattern.This work proposed a biometric solution to preserve free and fair elections.The research used fingerprints and revealed 0% false acceptance rate (FAR) with 0.02% false rejection rate (FRR).

Hence automation is a new technique. That is getting widely affordable & derivable especially in the urban housing segment. The proposed system is intended to make home. Automation IOT (Internet of Thing) embedded & expandable which enables control of devices via webpage, hosted on an embedded web server which can be accessed via local wifi network or internet. Also the tots are formation as logic of building blocks makes the system highly expandable. The expansion system work by looping mains power from one block to another & communication is established by a low power ISM bond RF system. Thus a highly versatile home automation system is implemented using low cost esp8266 wifi module running NodeMcu. The module acts as a wifi web server & can operate as standard wifi server or connect to the internet over wifi. 

This paper proposes the utilization of biogas technology as an alternative energy source in Nigerian urban and peri-urban centres with a view to highlighting the use of cow dung, poultry droppings and pig faeces as raw materials for biogas technology. The experimental research design was employed for the study, whereby, the primary data source included the collection of substrates of cow dung, poultry droppings and pig faeces from the Ebonyi State University farm. The collection of substrates was carried out in the early hours of the morning to ensure freshness. A weight of 800 kg per substrates type was measured into each bio-digester (airtight system of 25 liters plastic containers) instrument. About 1600ml quantity of water was added to each bio- digester containing each substrate. The temperature, pH and volume/quantity of gas produced was recorded daily. The pH was measured by an electronic pH meter while temperature was measured by mercury in glass thermometer. Results revealed that total gas generated by cow dung substrates was 25.23 and 49.97 for both CO₂ and CH₄ gas; pig faeces generated 21.72 and 62.97 for both CO₂ and CH₄; while the amount of gas generated by poultry droppings substrates was 18.97 and 63.37 for both CO₂ and CH₄. It was revealed that cow dung generated the lowest level of CH₄ gas which makes it more environmentally friendly. The findings also showed that temperature not pH significantly correlated with the amount of gas generated by substrates in the biogas technology experiment. The study further revealed that biogas can be generated from cow dung, pig faeces and poultry droppings through fermentation using fresh substrates. The study therefore recommended the use of biogas as alternative source of energy in Nigeria so that ecological disasters such as deforestation, desertification and climate change can be arrested or mitigated.

Microfinance is the provision of a broad range of financial services such as deposits, loans, payment services, money transfers and insurance to the poor and low-income households and their micro enterprises. The sector reaches out to 832,794 active borrowers with a loan book amounting to Kshs.28.6 billion and reporting 26.4 % annual growth in Kenya. However, owing to the fact that there is limited literature on the determinants of financial performance, various studies conducted indicate divergent views on the effect of financial indicators on financial performance. For this reasons it is not clear whether or not financial indicators affect financial performance of microfinance institutions (MFIs) in Kenya. The main objective of the study was to investigate the effect of financial indicators on financial performance of MFIs in Kenya. Fixed effect model was the preferred model based on the Hausman specification but the study used random effect model since fixed effect model gave insignificant results. Random effect model results revealed that debt to equity ratio had a negative but insignificant relationship with return on assets ratio. Portfolio to assets ratio had a positive relationship with financial performance but the relationship was not significant. Operating expense ratio had negative and significant relationship with return to assets ratio. The results for lagged ROA the coefficient was positive and was statistically significant. Autoregressive distributed lag model on debt to equity ratio preferred model random effect model findings postulated that debt to equity ratio had positive and significant relationship with return to assets ratio. Lagged DER had positive and significant relationship with return to assets ratio. ARDL model on portfolio to assets ratio preferred model random effect findings revealed that PAR had positive and insignificant relationship with return to assets ratio. Lagged PAR had positive and significant relationship with return to assets ratio.ARDL model on operating expense ratio and preferred model fixed effect model showed that OER had negative and significant relationship with return to assets ratio. The lagged OER had positive and insignificant relationship with return to assets ratio .The study concluded that negative and significant effect of operating expense ratio on financial performance shows that an increase in expenses decreases the performance of the MFIs industry in Kenya.