The study Impact of Aluminum Extrusion Effluent on the Mbaa River Inyishi  Ikeduru Imo  State. Was carried out in order to ascertain the current quality status of the river. Effluent samples from an Aluminum Extrusion company as well as water and sediment samples from the river were collected in March and June 2017 at four sampling point. Subsequently the Physicochemical quality of the river was studied by analyzing river water and sediment. The effluent discharged into Mbaa River in March showed that  pH (8.84),Water Temperature (29.00),Biological  Oxygen Demand (BOD) (6.50mg/l),Sulphate(13.40mg/l),Nitrate(4.50mg/l),Zinc(3.876mg/l), Iron(0.780mg/l)  and Chromium (0.15mg/l), levels all fell below maximum  limits allowable by NESREA and hence meets working targets  of  the quality of effluents dischargeable into surface water. The waste water has a Total dissolved solids (TDS) (14,008.8mg/l), Total suspended solid (TSS) (7,003.00 mg/l), Chloride (2,081.00 mg/l), Aluminium (12.52 mg/l) and Nickel (8.650mg/l) which fell above NESREA  limits , similar trend on  limit  was also observed in June with pH (5.27),Water Temperature (27.30),Biologica  Oxygen Demand (BOD)(5.20mg/l),Sulphate(130.30mg/l),Nitrate(0.113mg/l),Zinc(0.703mg/l), Iron (0.157mg/l)  and Chromium (0.131mg/l). The result on effect of discharged wastewater during the study period   into Mbaa River showed that the effluent increased the water pH from   5.40 -7.20 (6.27 + 0.27), Turbidity ranged from 2.40 - 6.70 (4.84 + 0.58) NTU, Temperature ranged from 26.30 – 28.90 (27.76 + 0.33)OC, Cl ranged from 9.35 – 12. 05 (10. 36 + 0. 44) mg/l, BOD5 ranged from 2.10 – 2.50 (2. 29 + 0.48) mg/l, Ni ranged from 0.67 – 1.02 (0.85 + 0. 05) mg/l etc. Was compared with the standards set by NESREA both for the effluent and water samples, also the sediment samples for pH ranged from 4.24 – 6.01 (5.00 + 0.22), Ni ranged 0.45 – 27. 01 (12.2 + 4.19) mg/kg and Al ranged from 2.08 – 14.84 (7.48 + 1.48) mg/kg etc. All parameters were higher in sediments than in water samples for all stations. Thus variance of Descriptive statistics, special and temporal variation, the one way ANOVA test and student t-test was used. It was also observed from the trend analysis that the river capacity to assimilate effluent and be self-purified was not exceeded by the volume of the effluent discharged into it from the factory as its quality was nearly restored within the 1100m distance at Sample 3 and 4. It is recommended that since it takes about 1100m for the river to self-purify, the factory should provide an aerated lagoon/ stabilization pond to enable some biodegradation of the effluent prior to discharge, in order to shorten the distance before self-purification.  It was also found out that careless disposal of the effluent should be discouraged and the need for each extruding industry to install a waste treatment plant with a view to treating waste before discharge into the stream is recommended.

The contribution of Foreign Direct Investment inflows on High Technological Structure of Rwanda Manufactured Exports for the period 1987-2017. We used a Vector Autoregressive model, to analyze this relationship: determined the lag structure verified the stationarity of both series and explored co-integration and causality between High-technology manufactured exports, total exports value and Foreign Direct Investment inflows. Our findings established that a VAR (1) was the appropriate model and found that all variables have long-term or long-run equilibrium in Rwanda as confirmed by Tests of co-integration. Granger tests have suggested that technological structure of manufacturing and Foreign Direct Investment inflows are independent (no causality between them) for the Rwandan economy while Foreign Direct Investment inflows have a great contribution on Rwanda manufactured exports. The study also suggests that the policy regarding domestic efforts to enhance manufacturing exports needs reassessment in line with the FDI policy framework in order to reap maximum and long-term equilibrium.

In this study a theoretical flutter model has been used in MATLAB to obtain flutter speeds for subsequent use in ANSYS analysis. The geometry of the fin was created in Solid works CAD platform and exported to ANSYS fluent, where input of influence parameters were made and analyzed for aerodynamic pressures.  These were then mapped to the structural fin in ANSYS mechanical and the resulting deformations viewed. The aerodynamic behaviors of rocket fin were studied and the results before the flutter speed, at the flutter regime and after the flutter speed were displayed. The aerodynamic pressure is found to be highest at the leading edge and the deformation turns from bending to torsion as the flutter speed increases.  The post-critical flutter records the highest displacement.  The work also showed the modal analysis of the rocket fin with the natural frequencies which were validated with data from Falcon V launch.