Medicated oil preparation process is named as Sneha Kalpana in Ayurveda and they are used to treat wide range of diseases. Medicated oils are prepared by prolonged cooking with coconut/ king coconut oil, sesame oil, different crude oils like castor oil, mustard oil, ghee and substances like, Kalka (herbal paste prepared by different parts of botanicals), Kvatha (specifically prepared decoction in accordance of Ayurvedic principles) or Drava Dravya (any other liquid such as milk, self-expressed juices, etc.). A considerable amount of sesame oil and ghee is present in many medicated oils such as Dashamooladi Ghrita, Chitrakadi Ghrita, Baladi Ghrita, Nirghundi Taila, Ashwandha Ghrita, Vipadikahara Ghrita, Moolaka Taila, Sacharadi Taila, Swandranstha Taila and Rasna Taila. Therefore, it is very important to assess the quality of the base consist of sesame oil and ghee. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the quality in terms of specific gravity, refractive index, acid value, saponification value and development of TLC profile of the base consists of sesame oil and ghee in a ratio of 1:1 w/w by using standard protocols. Results revealed that specific gravity, acid value, saponification value, peroxide value and iodine value were 0.91± 0.00, 2.00 ± 0.06 KOH/g, 431.57 ± 1.43 mg/g, 1.33 ± 0.06 Meq/kg and 56±1.04 g I₂/100g respectively. TLC fingerprint profiles were developed using 3 solvent systems. In conclusion, present study will help to establish quality control parameters of base of medicated oils which consist of sesame oil and ghee in a ratio of 1:1 w/w.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is commonly resistant to antibiotics, and because of this it is a dangerous and dreaded pathogen. Case-fatality rates are due to drug resistance profile of Pseudomonas. Overuse of drug has enhanced resistance causing havoc of rapid spread of this organism. Examining present scenario it is mandatory to look for medicine readily available from natural resources. Essential oils are sources of novel antimicrobial compounds. Traditional medicines are trusted as a source of potential antimicrobial agents thus essential oil from sources like medicinal plants, herbs and spices are used. The true purpose of this study was to reveal the antibacterial properties of essential oil such as Cinnnamomum zylanicum (Dalchini oil), Eucalyptus globulus (Nilgri oil), Eugenia caryophyllata (Clove oil), Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi oil), Allium sativum (Garlic oil) against MDR strains of P. aeruginosa.These MDR strains possessed resistance for antibiotics Gentamicin (GEN) Meropenem (MRP), Cefazolin (CZ), co-trimoxazole (COT). These oils expressed antimicrobial activity against clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.The Cinnnamomum zylanicum oil had strong inhibitory activity against multidrug resistant strains as compared with other oils. Oils potentially inhibit biofilm producing MDR strains.

The aim of the study was to assess performance of Ova Water User Association (OWUA’s) at Konya-Çumra province of Turkey. In research, as performance indicators, mainly water delivered, financial and production performance were analyzed. The results showed that annual water delivery per command and irrigated areas varied from 10360 to 13240 m³/ha and from 5958 to 7848 m³/ha, respectively. Irrigation ratio was between 132% and 192%. Unit area per staff was found as 0.0012 staff/ha. Money collection ratio was found as about 75 % for the average of last six years. The average production output or income for the year of 2014 was calculated as about 1210 $/ha. Although water shortage is the most important serious problem in our region, agriculture is still the single maximum water user sector even more than the world average of 70%. For sustainability of water supplies in region, efficient water use especially in agriculture can be strongly recommended.