This study examined undergraduates’ perception of library services in Lagos State public university libraries. The main objective of this study was to examine undergraduate’ perception of library services in two government-owned university libraries in Lagos State. Seven specific objective and research questions were formulated to assist in this research. These objectives are to identify the library services available; the types of library services accessed by the undergraduates; ascertain the frequency of usage of library services; investigate the purposes for which undergraduates use the library services; determine undergraduates’ perception of library services; examine the level of quality of services provided; find out undergraduates’ expectations of library services in the public university libraries in Lagos State. This study used Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to analyse the data. Descriptive statistics such as frequency count, mean and standard deviation were used to analyse the research questions. The study revealed that library services were available and accessible to undergraduates in public universities in Lagos State. Reference services are frequently used because of the conducive environment for research and learning activities. Findings revealed that undergraduates’ have high perception on quick access to timely and current information, access to electronic database within and outside the library and online services that enabled them to access and retrieve information resources. The library services most rated high in the study was reference services, circulation services and online services. The quality of library infrastructural facilities was rated high. The study revealed that undergraduate expectations of library services between university of Lagos and Lagos State University were not different from each other while the perception of LASU was higher than that of UNILAG. Based on the result of the finding, the following recommendations are hereby made: the university libraries should create awareness of services rendered in the library; library management should provide fund to acquire more materials and services that will support undergraduates’ information needs. Library management should always evaluate library services by asking undergraduates to rating the quality of services. This will promotes better performance and improve services rendered and they should also organize training for the personnel on how to relate with undergraduates.

Mathematics is one of the core subjects in secondary school curriculum. Performance in the subject is crucial for students’ admission to scientific and technological professions.However, there has been persistent poor performance in the subject particularly in Kisumu East District as revealed by the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education examination results for the years 2006 to 2008 with mean scores of 3.2282, 3.3691 and 4.0660 respectively.This may deny students access to the competitive professions. Factors contributing to this poor performance have not been exhaustively studied. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between students’ entry level, attitude towards mathematics and performance in mathematics.The studywas conducted in public secondary schools in Kisumu East District and employed correlation design in which the dependent variable was performance and independent variables were entry level and attitude. The study sample was 986 Form 4 students, representing 33% of the population. Data collection instruments were students Questionnaire(SQ) and Mathematics Test(MT).Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Regression analysis wasrun to determine the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. The findings established that the two independent variables had significant effect on performance in MT for both girls and boys. Based on the results it is advisable that performance of students at KCPE to be considered during intake to Form 1,girls’ attitude towards mathematic content and boys’ attitude towards methods of teaching should be enhanced by mathematics teachers.

This study was conducted under ambient laboratory conditions of the Research Laboratory, Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria, to evaluate the lethality of rice husk ash (RHA) of six rice varieties from different geographical areas in Nigeria to the cowpea seed beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius and the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky in relation to the silica content.  RHA was produced and the silica content determined using standard methods. The lethality of the RHAs was tested at 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 g/20 g of grain dosages against 10 adult beetles. The silica content ranged from 54.65% to 90.45% being highest for Jemila variety RHA and lowest with Igbemo RHA. Irrespective of dosage and duration of exposure, all the RHAs generally produced significant mortality of C. maculatus and S. zeamais in comparison with the control. The Jemila variety RHA was most lethal to the two storage beetles followed by the FARO 44 and Kilaki RHAs. RHA lethality to the two beetles was significantly positively correlated with silica content. RHA with high silica content is suited for inclusion in insecticidal botanical cocktails and integrated stored grain protection.

Despite the benefits and pitfalls of social media in national security and it's adoption in communicating diverse security messages in a volatile environment, there is a lack of studies that measured or identified users' perceptions of social media messages on security challenges. The study bridges this gap in literature, it used Four Index Perception Evaluation Scale (FIPES): hatred-support perception dimension, propaganda-disinformation perception dimension, conversationality-tone perception dimension, and believability dimension, to investigate the situation. Four objectives that guided the study are framed in relation to each of the four index perception evaluation dimensions. Survey research design was used in the study; population comprises two categories of social media users. A sample size of 310 respondents was used and determined by Cochran approach. A web-based questionnaire worded in five-point Likert was used to collect data; while data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Decision making was done using mean score of Five-point Likert scale. Findings show that audience perceived social media messages on southeast insecurity to portray hatred or support for either of the two principal actors (IPOB & Federal Government of Nigeria) in the imbrioglio.

The purpose of this discussion has been to demonstrate the contribution of co-operatives to poverty reduction in Ethiopia. From a rural livelihoods perspective, it is evident that co-operatives have significantly contributed to the mobilization and distribution of financial capital by creating employment and income generating opportunities for both their members and non-members alike. In the midst of lingering patterns of exclusion and inequality that tend to be based on ethnic, class or professional biases, cooperatives are increasingly witnessing the participation of people from these diversities in the same ventures. Accordingly, these organizations are utilizing their relatively less excluding features like open and voluntary membership and democratic leadership to reduce exclusion in society by enabling those willing to join an opportunity to generate an income. The income so-generated is used not just to meet household consumption needs, but also to enhance income generating capacities of people by investing in educational and health requirements of individuals and households. Furthermore, co-operatives contribute to human capital by creating a forum for education and training for their members in a bid to reduce ignorance. They also enable their members to mobilize funds for taking care of their health needs. In the absence of formal social security systems, co-operatives are increasingly creating solidarity mechanisms to re-enforce the informal traditional mutual aid systems by opening opportunities to set up schemes to cater for unexpected expenses related to illness, social welfare, death and other unexpected socioeconomic problems like drought and crop failure. It is in this regard that co-operatives are increasingly contributing to poverty reduction in Ethiopia.